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Because you want to be a safe driver as long as possible, consider getting a professional driving assessment. Your driving performance should be assessed regularly. Not only can this help you recognize and correct possible shortcomings, it also can result in a specialized drivers’ training plan to help you continue driving safely. Think about getting a professional driving assessment the same way you look at visiting your doctor for annual wellness checkups – as a smart way to identify and manage any physical or mental changes.

Professional driving assessments generally fall into two categories: driving skills evaluations and clinical driving assessments. A driving skill evaluation includes an in-car evaluation of your driving abilities and a recommendation regarding any further specialized drivers’ training. Clinical driving assessments are used to identify underlying medical causes of any driving performance deficits and offer ways to address them, so driving remains a safe option.

Consider getting a comprehensive driving skills evaluation or clinical driving assessment if:

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• You are concerned that your driving skills may have diminished over time.
• You have concerns regarding results of informal self-assessments, such as Drivers 65 Plus.
• You have been diagnosed with a medical condition known to impact driving ability (e.g., impaired vision, dementia, diabetes, seizures, sleep disorders, stroke).
• You have experienced a recent increase in near misses or minor crashes (fender benders).
• Friends and/or family have suggested that you may not be fit to drive.

Conducted by state-licensed and trained driving instructors, in-car driving skills evaluations can provide a relatively quick and inexpensive checkup. Results may:

• Show that your driving skills are adequate and current, with no need for specialized drivers’ training.
• Reveal deficits that could be addressed with specialized drivers’ training.
• Lead to a recommendation for a clinical driving assessment by an occupational therapist driving rehabilitation specialist (OT-DRS).

Clinical assessments by trained specialists are the best way to learn the true level and cause of a decline in driving health. In some cases, getting a clinical driving assessment can help you to decide if you should continue to drive and if so, under which conditions. Results may:

• Show you are perfectly fit to drive without restrictions.
• Indicate you would benefit from extra training or need special adaptive vehicle equipment.
• Reveal that you are no longer safe to operate a motor vehicle.

If you are interested in getting a professional driving assessment, it’s important to understand the options. Two major types of trained professionals can provide skills evaluations or clinical driving assessments: driving skills evaluators and occupational therapist driving rehabilitation specialists. The services provided by each may seem very similar, but they are distinctly different.

• Occupational Therapist Driving Rehabilitation Specialists (OT-DRSs) plan, develop, coordinate and implement driving services for people with disabilities or have one or more medical conditions that affect driving.
• They are medically trained in the science of occupational therapy, which permits them to better understand progressive medical conditions and life changes that can affect driving.
• OT-DRSs also may have backgrounds in driver education, physical therapy, kinesiotherapy or psychology.

Clinical driving assessments are best if you have a broad spectrum of physical and cognitive disabilities, including dementia, stroke, arthritis, low vision, learning disabilities, limb amputations, neuromuscular disorders, spinal cord injuries, mental health problems, cardiovascular diseases and other causes of functional deficits.

Components of a clinical driving assessment

• Clinical driving assessment (including, but not limited to review of personal medical history and a cognitive assessment).
• Functional/on-road assessment (including, but not limited to adherence to traffic rules and regulations, consistent use of strategies to compensate for visual, cognitive, physical and behavioral impairments).
• Treatment and intervention (including, but not limited to adaptive driving instruction or specialized drivers’ training, with or without vehicle modifications).

Cost

• Varies between programs and according to the extent of services provided.
• Typically $200 to $400+ for a full assessment, plus $100 an hour for rehabilitation.
• Varies for adaptive equipment, if required. Examples of adaptive equipment include spinner knobs, left foot accelerators, hand controls, reduced-effort steering systems and wheelchair lifts.

To get a clinical driving assessment The American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) provides a nationwide database of driving programs and specialists. If you cannot find a resource here, contact your local rehabilitation hospital’s occupational therapy department for assistance.

Source: American Occupational Therapy Association and the Physician’s Guide to Assessing and Counseling Older Drivers

• Driving skills evaluators (DSEs) conduct evaluations to help you identify any weaknesses in driving skills and determine if supplemental training can further reduce driving risk.
• DSEs are trained, licensed and certified by states to offer driver training.
• DSEs are proficient in evaluating all aspects of driving skills, including vehicle operation, driver-vehicle fit and risk perception.
• In addition, some DSEs are certified driving rehabilitation instructors (CDRI) who can provide training on how to use adaptive equipment, such as hand controls.

Evaluations are best if you are concerned that your driving skills may have diminished; were recommended to take a driving skills evaluation by a physician, occupational therapist or family member; or may benefit from supplemental in-car training.

Components of a driving skills evaluation

• Comprehensive in-car evaluation of an individual’s driving skills at a particular point in time (including but not limited to the ability to follow traffic laws, assess the driving environment and take effective actions to reduce risk).
• Review of evaluation, which would provide recommendations for:
  • Supplemental in-car training
  • A clinical driving assessment by an OT-DRS
  • No supplemental training

Driving skills evaluation does not identify underlying medically related causes of any reduced driving abilities. It is intended to be a snapshot of your abilities at a particular point in time. No training is conducted during a driving skills evaluation. Additional training is available from DSEs, if desired.

Cost

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• Varies between programs and according to the extent of services provided.
• Approximately $100 to $200.
• Supplemental training sessions cost approximately $75 to $150 per hour, and overall costs vary, depending on the amount of training conducted.

To get a driving skills evaluation

AAA has club-owned and Approved driving schools in many locations. Contact your local AAA club for more information.

Source: AAA Driver Training Programs

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For installation images and documentation about how to install bullseye(which is currently Testing), seethe Debian-Installer page.

To install Debian 10.8(buster), download any of the following images (all i386 and amd64CD/DVD images can be used on USB sticks too):

netinst CD image (generally 170-470 MB)

full CD sets

full DVD sets

CD (via BitTorrent) 1394 firewire windows 10 driver.

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other images (netboot, flexible usb stick, etc.)

If any of the hardware in your system requires non-free firmware to beloaded with the device driver, you can use one of thetarballs of common firmware packages or download an unofficial image including these non-free firmwares. Instructions how to use the tarballsand general information about loading firmware during an installation canbe found in the Installation Guide.

netinst (generally 240-290 MB) non-freeCD images with firmware

Notes

• For downloading full CD and DVD images the use of BitTorrent or jigdo is recommended.
• For the less common architectures only a limited number of images from the CD and DVD sets is available as ISO file or via BitTorrent. The full sets are only available via jigdo.
• The multi-arch CD images support i386/amd64; the installation is similar to installing from a single architecture netinst image.
• The multi-arch DVD image supports i386/amd64; the installation is similar to installing from a single architecture full CD image; the DVD also includes the source for all included packages.
• For the installation images, verification files (SHA256SUMS, SHA512SUMS and other) are available from the same directory as the images.

If you read only one document before installing, read ourInstallation Howto, a quickwalkthrough of the installation process. Other useful documentation includes:

• Buster Installation Guide
  detailed installation instructions
• Debian-Installer FAQand Debian-CD FAQ
  common questions and answers
• Debian-Installer Wiki
  community maintained documentation

This is a list of known problems in the installer shipped withDebian 10.8. If you have experienced a probleminstalling Debian and do not see your problem listed here, please send us aninstallation reportdescribing the problem orcheck the wikifor other known problems.

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Errata for release 10.0

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Improved versions of the installation system are being developedfor the next Debian release, and can also be used to install buster.For details, seethe Debian-Installer projectpage.